30 Questions
Question 1
Multiple Choice
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Question 2
Multiple Choice
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Question 3
Multiple Choice
Control Unit (CU)
Question 4
Multiple Choice
Program Counter (PC)
Question 5
Multiple Choice
Instruction Register (IR)
Question 6
Multiple Choice
Accumulator (AC)
Question 7
Multiple Choice
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Question 8
Multiple Choice
Memory Buffer Register (MBR)
Question 9
Multiple Choice
System Bus
Question 10
Multiple Choice
Address Bus
IB Comp Sci Unit 1 Review
Flashcards generated with inquiziti.com. Cut along the dashed lines. Fold in half on the solid line.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The key component of a computer system that interprets and executes program instructions.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Performs arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication) and Boolean operations.
Control Unit (CU)
Controls the movement of instructions, the operation of the ALU, and performs the instruction execution cycle.
Program Counter (PC)
Holds the memory address of the next instruction to be executed.
Instruction Register (IR)
Holds the instruction currently being executed by the CPU.
Accumulator (AC)
Holds the result of operations performed by the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU).
Memory Address Register (MAR)
Holds the memory addresses of data and instructions that the CPU wants to access.
Memory Buffer Register (MBR)
Holds the contents of data or instructions read from, or written to memory.
System Bus
Comprised of the control bus, data bus, and address bus.
Address Bus
Carries the memory addresses to/from which the CPU wishes to read or write.
Data Bus
Carries data to/from the CPU, memory, and peripherals.
Control Bus
Carries commands from the CPU and returns status signals from devices.
Primary Memory
Computer memory that is accessed directly by the CPU, primarily RAM.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Volatile memory that temporarily stores data and programs while the computer is running.
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Non-volatile memory that holds instructions for starting up the computer.
Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM)
A memory chip on which data can be written only once, retaining contents when power is off.
Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM)
A type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light and then reprogrammed.
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)
A special type of PROM that can be erased by exposing it to an electrical charge.
Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)
Often used as a memory cache (L1, L2, L3) due to its speed and reliability.
Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM)
An inexpensive type of memory used in most personal computers for main RAM.
Cache Memory
Small, high-speed memory inside the CPU used to hold frequently used data, reducing RAM access.
L1 Cache
Located on the same chip as the microprocessor and accessed at the same speed as the processor.
Machine Instruction Cycle
Fetch, Decode, Execute, Store.
Fetch Stage
The CPU retrieves the next instruction from main memory (RAM) and stores it in registers.
Decode Stage
The CPU interprets the fetched instruction to understand the action it needs to perform.
Execute Stage
The CPU carries out the action specified by the decoded instruction.
User Interface (UI)
Provides a link between the user and the computer hardware.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Features menus and icons for user interaction.
Memory Management
Keeps track of storage devices and controls application access to RAM.
Peripheral Management
Controls devices like keyboards, mice, and printers through device drivers.