IB HOTA Review | Era 1

A British order prohibiting colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to prevent costly frontier wars.

The Massachusetts Bay governor whose 'City upon a Hill' speech defined the Puritan mission in the Americas.

Britain won French territory but incurred massive debt, leading to new taxes on the colonies and increased tensions.

A series of laws mandating that the colonies trade exclusively with Britain using British ships to enforce mercantilism.

An economic system where the colonies supplied raw materials to Britain and served as a market for British manufactured goods.

A figure banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for claiming direct communication with God and challenging moral laws.

A man banished from Massachusetts Bay for radical beliefs who subsequently founded Providence, Rhode Island.

An uprising that led plantation owners to replace unreliable indentured servants with enslaved Africans to prevent mixed-race class alliances.

The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that resulted in the death of approximately 90% of the Indigenous population.

The British policy of loosely enforcing imperial laws, which allowed the American colonies to develop their own political and economic expectations.

The historical contradiction of the first enslaved Africans arriving in the same year that representative democracy was established via the House of Burgesses.

A religious movement in the 1730s-40s that democratized religion by emphasizing a personal relationship with God.

A self-governing agreement created by the Pilgrims to maintain order as they settled outside of their chartered territory.

The massive transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old and New Worlds that decimated Indigenous populations.

The first representative legislative assembly in the American colonies, established in Virginia in 1619.

A self-governing agreement created by Pilgrims to maintain social order after landing outside their intended territory.

The colonial region characterized by a diverse population and an economy focused on grain production and commerce.